At the start of the 1960s, John F. Kennedy and other American liberals expressed boundless optimism about the ability of the United States to promote democracy and development in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. With U.S. power, resources, and expertise, almost anything seemed possible in the countries of the Cold War鈥檚 鈥淭hird World鈥濃攄eveloping, postcolonial nations unaligned with the United States or Soviet Union. Yet by the end of the decade, this vision lay in ruins. What happened? In The End of Ambition, Mark Atwood Lawrence offers a groundbreaking new history of America鈥檚 most consequential decade. He reveals how the Vietnam War, combined with dizzying social and political changes in the United States, led to a collapse of American liberal ambition in the Third World鈥攁nd how this transformation was connected to shrinking aspirations back home in America.
By the middle and late 1960s, democracy had given way to dictatorship in many Third World countries, while poverty and inequality remained pervasive. As America鈥檚 costly war in Vietnam dragged on and as the Kennedy years gave way to the administrations of Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard M. Nixon, America became increasingly risk averse and embraced a new policy of promoting mere stability in the Third World. Paying special attention to the U.S. relationships with Brazil, India, Iran, Indonesia, and southern Africa, The End of Ambition tells the story of this momentous change and of how international and U.S. events intertwined.
The result is an original new perspective on a war that continues to haunt U.S. foreign policy today.
Awards and Recognition
- Winner of the Robert H. Ferrell Book Prize, Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations
Mark Atwood Lawrence teaches history at the University of Texas at Austin. He is the author of Assuming the Burden: Europe and the American Commitment to War in Vietnam and The Vietnam War: A Concise International History.
"The value of this book is its granular dissection of the process through which actual policies are debated and decided on. . . . More such books are needed to flesh out our understanding of American foreign policy in the second half of the twentieth century."鈥擠avid C. Unger, Survival: Global Politics and Strategy
鈥淔rom noble aspirations to practical realities, Mark Atwood Lawrence insightfully analyzes the evolution of U.S. foreign policy toward developing countries in the 1960s. He shows that presidential leadership mattered鈥攖hat there was a significant change from Kennedy to Johnson. He tells us why and how. We conclude with a clearer vision of international history during this crucial decade.鈥濃擬elvyn P. Leffler, author of For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War
鈥淚n this much-anticipated book, Mark Atwood Lawrence provides a lucid, incisive, and authoritative investigation into the demise of America鈥檚 liberal agenda in the developing world during the 1960s. The End of Ambition is a stellar book by a marvelous historian and writer working at the top of his powers.鈥濃擣redrik Logevall, Pulitzer Prize鈥搘inning author of Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America鈥檚 Vietnam
鈥淚n a brilliant reexamination of the Vietnam War that takes a different, more global view, Mark Atwood Lawrence reveals the flickering and fading of U.S. influence worldwide. He shows how Lyndon Johnson and his advisers, beset by cynicism and domestic opponents, accommodated with regional strongmen, thrusting U.S. foreign policy onto an antidemocratic path, with consequences that reverberate to the present day. This is an essential book鈥攐ne that transforms our understanding of American foreign policy during a pivotal era.鈥濃擠aniel J. Sargent, author of A Superpower Transformed: The Remaking of American Foreign Relations in the 1970s
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